VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS KNOWLEDGE INSTRUMENT FOR IBADAH SECTION IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION : EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS (EFA)
Keywords:
Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), Islamic Education, Ibadah section, validity and reliability and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)Abstract
Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is a significant agenda in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025. It involved all subjects including Islamic Education (IE) in the Secondary Schools Standard Curriculum (KSSM). However, research related to the construction of HOTS instruments in IE is yet to be implemented. Hence, this study aims to identify the validity and reliability of the instrument to measure the HOTS knowledge among students in the Lower-Level KSSM, particularly in the Ibadah section in IE. This study uses a quantitative analysis method, and the instrument consists of a modified questionnaire. Content validity and face validity tests were conducted using a construct that has been determined and validated by seven experts. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted through a pilot study involving 110 respondents in Terengganu. The data is analyzed according to EFA with Bartlett's sphericity test, sampling adequacy test by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), and item reliability testing through Cronbach's Alpha value using SPSS version 25. The result produced a three-factor model of students’ HOTS knowledge which are in purification, prayer, and fasting. The result shows Bartlet's Test (P < 0.05) and the value for the measurement of sampling adequacy from Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) > 0.6. Meanwhile, the measurement of the reliability in Cronbach's Alpha shows a value (> 0.70). This shows a high level of validity and reliability of this instrument which could be continually researched. This study is anticipated to assist students with excellent HOTS comprehension to understand the concept of worship as a reflection of existential knowledge.
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