PENDEKATAN MODEL SPECTRUM APPROACH DALAM SESI PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN PRASEKOLAH ISLAM : SATU KAJIAN KES DI KUALA TERENGGANU

[SPECTRUM APPROACH MODEL IN ISLAMIC PRESCHOOL TEACHING AND LEARNING SESSIONS: A CASE STUDY IN KUALA TERENGGANU]

Abstract

Abstract

Among the theories and approaches used worldwide in educating preschool children are The High Scope Curriculum for Early Childhood Care and Education, The Project Spectrum Approach to Early Education, The Reggio Emilio Approach, The Waldorf Approach to Early Childhood Education, Montessori Education, The Pyramid Method, and the Bank Street Developmental-Interaction Approach. This study was conducted to identify the approaches and strengths of the approaches used in teaching and learning sessions in an Islamic preschool in Kuala Terengganu. The study employed a qualitative approach through a case study design. Interview and direct observation methods were used, emphasizing social interaction between the researcher and the subjects as a requirement. The interviews were conducted with selected teachers using snowball sampling technique. The study participants consisted of ten six-year-old preschool students from a designated class determined by the administration. The findings of the study revealed that the Islamic preschool in Kuala Terengganu, which was studied, utilized the Spectrum Approach by incorporating multiple intelligences domains in teaching and learning activities. Additionally, the preschool also incorporated elements of the Reggio Emilia approach, particularly by connecting learning in various contexts. In conclusion, both the Spectrum Approach and the Reggio Emilio approach have their own strengths and weaknesses. However, when their strengths are combined and weaknesses addressed, both approaches or theories are highly effective in early childhood education. The commonality between these theories is their focus on encouraging children to learn.

ABSTRAK

Antara teori dan pendekatan dalam mendidik anak-anak prasekolah yang digunakan di seluruh dunia ialah The High Scope Curriculum for Early Childhood Care and Education, The Project Spectrum Approach to Early Education, The Reggio Emilio Approach, The Waldorf Approach to Early Childhood Education, Montessori Education, The Pyramid Method, dan Bank Street Developmental-Interaction Approach. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti pendekatan dan kekuatan pendekatan yang diguankan dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sebuah tadika prasekolah Islam, Kuala Terengganu. Kajian dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian kes. Kaedah temu bual dan pemerhatian terus digunakan dalam proses kajian yang meletakkan interaksi sosial antara pengkaji dan subjek kajian sebagai syarat. Temu bual dilakukan bersama guru yang ditentukan melalui teknik bola salji. Responden kajian terdiri daripada sepuluh orang murid prasekolah berumur enam tahun dari satu kelas yang telah ditetapkan oleh pentadbir. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa tadika prasekolah Islam di Kuala Terengganu yang dikaji menggunakan penedekatan Spekrum Approach melalui domain-domain kecerdasan pelbagai dalam aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Selain itu, tadika ini juga menggunakan Reggio Emilia dengan kelebihannya, iaitu menghubungkan  dalam pelbagai konteks yang berbeza. Kesimpulannya, pendekatan The Spectrum Approach dan Reggio Emilio mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahan tersendiri. Namun begitu, jika digabung jalin kekuatan dan diatasi kelemahan yang ada, kedua-dua pendekatan atau teori ini sangat efektif untuk diaplikasikan dalam dunia pendidikan awal kanak-kanak. Persamaan yang dapat dilihat ialah kedua-dua teori ini berpaksikan kepada matlamat yang sama iaitu mengajak kanak-kanak supaya belajar.