SOROTAN TERHADAP RIWĀYAT MUTAWĀTIRAH YANG KEKAL PADA ZAMAN SEKARANG: KAJIAN ANALISIS
A REVIEW OF THE REMAINS RIWĀYAT MUTAWĀTIRAH IN PRESENT TIME: ANALYSIS STUDIES
Keywords:
Qirāat, Riwāyat, Mutawātir, Hafs, Wasry, Qālun, Al-Dūri, Qirāat, Riwāyat, Mutawātir, Hafs, Wasry, Qālun, al-DūriAbstract
ABSTRAK
Para ulama telah sepakat bahawa Qirāat ‘Asyarah Mutawātirah merupakan sepuluh bacaan al-Qur’an yang dipandang sah sebagai Kalam Ilahi. Qirāat tersebut sudah diperakui keabsahannya serta diyakini mempunyai kesinambungan dan kesesuaian dengan apa yang diajarkan oleh baginda Rasul S.A.W. Setiap Qirāat memiliki dua riwāyat paling tersohor, sehingga secara keseluruhan bacaan yang mutawātirah berjumlah 20 riwāyat. Meskipun bacaan mutawātirah tersebut telah disepakati keabsahannya oleh jumhur ulama, namun tidak semua riwāyatnya memiliki pembaca tetap dalam kalangan umat Islam pada zaman sekarang. Melainkan hanya beberapa riwāyat sahaja yang masih kekal, manakala riwāyat lainnya telah mengalami kepupusan pembaca secara perlahan-lahan sejak beberapa abad lalu. Kajian ini akan mengungkapkan pelbagai riwāyat al-Qur’an yang masih tersohor dan mempunyai pembaca tetap pada zaman sekarang. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa saat ini ada empat riwāyat al-Qur’an yang masih tetap dibaca iaitu riwāyat Hafs dari imam ‘Āshim al-Kufi, riwāyat Warsy dan Qālun dari imam Nāfi’ al-Madani serta riwāyat al-Dūri dari imam Abu ‘Amr al-Bashri. Riwāyat Hafs merupakan yang paling popular berbanding dengan tiga riwāyat lainnya, di mana ia dibaca secara kekal oleh umat Islam bermula dari Jazirah Arab sampai ke Asia Tenggara. Yang ertinya lebih dari 50% kaum muslimin telah merujuk kepada riwāyat tersebut. Manakala tiga riwāyat lainnya hanya tersebar di beberapa negara bahagian Afrika.
ABSTRACT
The scholars agree that Qirāat ‘Asyarah Mutawātirah are ten readings of the Qur'an which are considered authentic as Firman Allah. The truth of this Qirāat has been validated and is believed to have continuity and conformity with what was taught by the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Each Qirāat has two of the most famous riwāyat, so the total of mutawātirah reading amounts to 20 riwāyat. Although the validity of mutawātirah readings has been agreed upon by the majority of scholars, not all of these riwāyat have regular readers among Muslims today. However, only a few riwāyat still remain, while most of the other riwāyat have slowly experienced the extinction of readers over the last few centuries. This study will reveal various riwāyat of the Qur'an which are still popular and widely read today. It found that currently there are four riwāyat of the Qur'an that are still read regularly, namely riwāyat Hafs from Imam 'Āshim al-Kūfi, riwāyat Warsy and Qālun from Imam Nāfi' al-Madani, and riwāyat of al-Dūri from Imam Abū 'Amr al-Basri. Riwūyat Hafs is the most popular compared to the other three riwayat, where it is used as regular reading by Muslims from the Arabian Peninsula to Southeast Asia. It means that more than 50% of Muslims have used this riwūyat as their daily reading. Meanwhile, the other three riwāyat are only read in several African states.
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